The Properties of the OS are:

• Batch processing
• Multitasking
• Multiprogramming
• Interactivity
• Real-Time System
• Distributed Environment
• Spooling

1. Batch Processing 

In Batch processing, the OS first collects the info and programs together during a batch, then processing starts.

The OS performs various sorts of activities associated with batch processing:

In this, the OS defines the set of jobs that are re-assigned to a command sequence, data, and programs within one unit.

The OS keeps the list of jobs within the memory then executes it one by one consistent with the scheduling algorithm.

In this, the work is processed supported FCFS scheduling means first-come, first-serve.

The limitation of Batch OSs are as given −

• Absence of communication among the operator and the job.
• CPU (Central processing Unit) is frequently idle as the tempo of the routine I/O (Input output) devices is sluggish than the CPU (Central processing Unit).
• Complicated to offer the preferred precedence.

Benefits of Batch Processing

• The execution is improved because a new job is beginning soon when the old job gets finished with no manual intervention.

2. Multitasking

Multitasking may be a technique during which the CPU executes variety of jobs within an equivalent time by switching among the roles. The task of switching the work is so frequent that the user is going to be ready to communicate with each program when the program is running.

The OS performs the subsequent activities within the context of multitasking.

In this, the user directly instructs the OS or the program, then obtain a quick response.

The OS manages multitasking in such how in order that multiple operations are often handled at an equivalent time.

It is also referred to as a time-sharing system.

Multitasking operating systems are developed in order that we will use the pc system interactively at a less price.

3. Multi-programming

Multi-programming is defined as sharing of the processor when two or more programs exist within the memory at a time. With the assistance of multi-programming, the CPU utilization efficiency is often increased. In other words, Multi-programming is defined because of the capability of an OS to run quite one program on one processor. For instance, A computer can run excel and firebox browsers simultaneously.

Advantages of Multi-programming

• Efficient CPU utilization.
• The users assume that the CPU is simultaneously performing on multiple programs.
• Disadvantages of Multi-programming
• It needs CPU scheduling.
• Memory management is required to accommodate different jobs in memory.

4. Interactivity

Interactivity means the user’s ability to interact with a computing system.

The OS performs various activities associated with interactivity.

Handling input devices so as to require the input from the user. Example: – keyboard.

It also assists to supervise output devices to display output to the operator. Example: – Monitor.

It provides an interface to the user in order that the user can interact with the system.

5. Real-Time System

We can understand the Real-time system because the dedicated embedded system,

An OS performs various tasks associated with a real-time system.

In a real-time system, the OS reads and reacts with the assistance of sensor data.

The OS provides the reassurance that the event is completed within a hard and fast interval of your time to supply accurate performance.

6. Distributed Environment

A Distributed environment defines a group of multiple independent processors or CPUs during a single computing system.

The OS performs various activities, such as:

• The OS handles the communications between processors, and communication is completed with the assistance of communication lines.
• Operating systems share computation logics among different physical processors.
• The processors won't share the memory; rather, each processor has its own local memory.

7. Spooling

Spooling stands for Simultaneous peripheral operation online. Spooling may be a process during which jobs are put into a buffer, disk, or a specific area within the memory in order that a tool can access these jobs when it's ready.

Spooling is effective because with the assistance of spooling devices can access the info at different rates. Buffer offers a waiting station in order that data can respite at the time when the slower device catches up. the appliance of spooling is Print Spooling.

The OS performs various tasks associated with spooling:

• It manages the I/O device data spooling when devices have multiple data access rates.
• Handles parallel computation because the method of spooling is completed I/O during a parallel way.
• Handles the spooling buffer that gives the waiting station for the info to require a rest therein time when the slower device catches up.
• Advantages of Spooling
• Spooling can overlap the I/O operation for one process with processor operations for an additional process.
• It uses disk as an enormous buffer for the spooling operations.